Panama Invasion

Panama Invasion — Operation Just Cause, 1989

On December 20, 1989, the United States launched Operation Just Cause — the largest American combat operation since Vietnam. Nearly 27,000 U.S. troops deployed to Panama to remove Manuel Noriega from power, and African American soldiers served with distinction across every branch and combat role.

Key Units & Highlights

  • 82nd Airborne Division — conducted a combat jump into Panama, one of the largest airborne operations since WWII, with significant Black troop participation
  • 75th Ranger Regiment — led high-risk assaults on Torrijos-Tocumen Airport and Rio Hato airfield
  • 7th Infantry Division (Light) — ground combat operations throughout Panama City and surrounding areas
  • Special Operations Forces — Delta Force, Navy SEALs, and PSYOP units operating across the country
  • Captain Linda Bray — one of the first American women to lead troops in combat during this operation, reflecting the evolving face of the U.S. military

A Milestone Operation

Operation Just Cause was a showcase of the post-Vietnam, all-volunteer, integrated U.S. military operating at peak effectiveness. Black soldiers — from paratroopers to special operators — were central to its success.

23 Americans lost their lives during the operation. Their sacrifice is honored alongside every soldier who served.

Our Panama Invasion collection pays tribute to those who answered the call in December 1989.

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